Underneath all the literary catnip, it was a substantial crime story about a 15-year-old girl, beaten to death with a 6-iron golf club, who was bloodied with such ferocity that the police later expressed surprise to learn that she had blonde hair.
These efforts also produced substantial crime reductions.
The security hypothesis suggests that the infusion of everyday life with increasingly well-designed, unobtrusive and publicly acceptable security has led to the substantial crime drops that have been observed (see Tilley et al. 2015a).
Fellow activists say that the women's real crime was to gain a substantial following, particularly in China's buzzing microblog services.
A town with a substantial violent crime rate would often turn to a known gunman as their town marshal, chief, or sheriff, in the hopes that the gunman could stem the violence and bring order.
"If we eliminate those, I think it's completely reasonable to expect a substantial drop in crimes related to firearms," he said.
If this possibility is true, then there are substantial constraints on crime or places that prevent crime from behaving like other phenomena.
In a period of substantial decline in crime across the city, Brownsville remains one of the more crime-plagued areas, though overall crime there is down 19 percent from a decade ago.
Nor is it surprising that the appeal of gun restrictions ebbed as other methods of crime fighting – more police, better policing, mass incarceration – produced a substantial drop in crime rates.
This long-term, steady and prolonged drop in crime has been under way for 15 years now, and substantial reductions in crime rates have occurred in all major metropolitan areas -- Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, etc. -- not just in New York.
