In a statement this month Fannie Mae said that it had conducted small-scale pilot programs and determined that principal reduction poses a number of challenges, "including significant technological and systems complexity and substantial cost without proven effectiveness".
While two recent publications have confirmed the safety and clinical equivalence of Coflex interlaminar stabilization compared to fusion, 9, 10 the current study is the first to report a substantial advantage in cost effectiveness with Coflex compared to fusion.
However, there was also substantial variation in the cost effectiveness of individual interventions within and across all categories.
Whether expanded HIV testing strategies reduce such barriers and successfully attract new and high risk testers, or preferentially attract lower risk repeat testers, has substantial implications for the strategies' cost effectiveness and for the possible success of universal testing and treatment policies.
Control and cost effectiveness are substantial components of a DM program.
However, substantial uncertainty surrounds this ratio, and with an average incremental cost effectiveness ratio of lifetime rescreening at £29 680, the optimal rescreening strategy is indeterminate.
Defining the groups of patients who benefit from chemotherapy or endocrine therapy has substantial implications for patient selection, design of future trials and cost effectiveness.
There are a substantial number of systematic reviews and economic evaluations that examine the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of enhanced recovery programmes.
Recently, Wilson et al. evaluated the cost effectiveness of TP-IAT in patients with minimal change CP, justifying the substantial upfront costs of the procedure.
However, there is substantial uncertainty in the model parameter estimates, and further primary research will be needed for cost effectiveness studies to provide definitive data to inform policy.
