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The combined efforts of academia and industry were able to overcome numerous substantial challenges: the target was not yet validated in vivo, the viral lifecycle was poorly understood, no robust preclinical models in cell culture or animals were available, and no structure of the viral protease had been solved.
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Membrane protein crystallization poses a substantial challenge, the reason of which is that transmembrane proteins remain functional and folded only when a proper microenvironment is supplied that allows interaction with a high and a low dielectric medium with the proteins' aqueous and membraneous moieties, respectively.
And it's this difference, not the mere fact of others rising, that creates substantial challenges for the United States and the U.S.-led order.
Other enhanced cyclooctynes, such as dibenzocycloctynes,[ 24] could pose substantial challenges to the synthetase and/or the host translational machinery owing to their larger size.
Unless he is using the word 'positive' to mean something other than 'a beneficial effect', however, Senn appears to be overlooking substantial evidence challenging the plausibility of his belief (see, for example, reference ).
The multiple facets of platelet involvement in sepsis therefore represent substantial challenges to the clinician and call for a deeper understanding of the relative importance of platelet contribution to determine their ultimate clinical significance.
The primary conclusion that can be drawn is that students in the first year of tertiary study, many of whom would be inexperienced in the online education environment, have substantial challenges with the idea of major stakes examinations being online.
The study concluded that many students have substantial challenges with the idea of major stakes examinations being online.
While such practice may have facilitated the initiation of Bedouin urbanization and was in line with government policy of mass resettlement, it also placed substantial challenges on the development of an urban society according to the western-ideals that informed urban planning.
Mapping of the hydrolytic and synthetic subsites and elucidation of the mechanisms that ensure substrate specificity of each subsite pose substantial challenges, because the determinants may be overlapping.
In this article we first examine the rationale and methods of exposure data collection in the population studies and then review the substantial challenges associated with the analysis of pesticides in novel and complex matrices, and the interpretation of these analytical findings.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com