Natural gas may be cleaner than coal or oil, but it is still a fossil fuel that produces substantial quantities of carbon dioxide.
This approach obviates the need for a whole new hydrogen-delivery infrastructure, but since it produces substantial amounts of carbon dioxide, it also obviates much of the reason for switching to fuel cells.
Early attempts to devise a blast-furnace process for zinc production failed because of the difficulty of condensing zinc vapour from a gas containing substantial quantities of carbon dioxide.
According to the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, for nuclear power to make a substantial reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, commercial reactors would have to not only supply much of the world's electricity growth but also replace many coal-fired plants as they are retired.
In addition, continuing trend energy conservation leads to substantial savings in carbon dioxide emissions.
Thus, the escalation of energy consumption has brought about the substantial increase of carbon dioxide emission which contributes to climate change and global warming.
The NRC report on ocean acidification released today finds that, barring substantial curbs on carbon dioxide emissions, the ongoing decline in ocean pH will continue, with as-yet-unknown ecosystem changes guaranteed.
Sustainable development efforts aimed at substantial reduction of carbon dioxide emissions focused research activities in this field, among others, on a partial or full replacement of Portland cement by environmental more friendly alternatives.
A substantial response for carbon dioxide appears at low temperatures for the natural jarosite clay from 500°C, and a more limited response is evident at high temperatures from the ferric sulfate hydrate.
To achieve the abundant algal growth necessary, a substantial amount of water, carbon dioxide and fertiliser are required.
