Extensive research and development on its methodologies, theoretical foundation, algorithms, verifications, and applications over the past half century have established a mature field with a rich literature and substantial benchmark applications.
The run phase of typical programs is long enough that amortized startup time is not substantial, but benchmarks that measure very short execution times are likely to be skewed due to this overhead.
For clinical biobanking, facilitating such integration involves huge amounts of work aimed at standardization and harmonization of data and tissue provision as well as efforts aimed at establishing quality control, certification of workflows, substantial and procedural benchmarks for data and tissue collection and management and evidence-based data models (Riegman et al. 2006; Mook 2011)).
Additionally, all of our portfolios have beaten their benchmarks by substantial margins since inception.
It compiled a chart purporting to show that during the 16 years from 1997 to 2012, hedge funds delivered superior cumulative returns over common benchmarks by "substantial margins". Before you rush out and buy a hedge fund, you should read an excellent blog post by Harriet Agnew in Financial News.
The aim of this study was to identify key farm and field characteristics that drive farmers' land allocation, based on substantial datasets, and to benchmark findings for farmer perceptions with interviews.
As expected, however, ULIP provides substantial gains over both benchmark systems, achieving a stout 3.5× and 3.6× the energy efficiency of max.
Facebook's Poke is a standalone app for impermanent messaging; the interface and features are very similar to Snapchat, a young startup that sees 50 million photos shared per day and is in the process of raising a substantial funding round from Benchmark Capital.
For example, pathway-based toxicogenomic analyses have found substantial correlation between transcriptional benchmark dose (BMD) values from subchronic studies and those for apical non-cancer and cancer endpoints (Thomas et al., 2012b).
