As with VBP reforms for healthcare providers, implementation of VBP arrangements for medical products might be meaningfully viewed on a spectrum ranging from modest incremental FFS payment adjustments based on expected value, to contracts that involve substantial accountability and risk sharing for health outcomes and total costs for a population of patients.
As such, they perform a substantial redistribution of accountability.
In some high income countries, quality of care measures are increasingly recognized as a priority to help foster improvement and promote accountability, and substantial investments have been made in their development [ 10- 12].
Public interest is in the eye of the beholder, and it can sometimes take a substantial public outcry to force accountability.
Without substantial progress, prospects of promoting accountability and equity of the health system are slim [ 20].
Another concern was the lack of provider accountability leading to substantial OOPS in terms of informal payments.
"We think that having merit-pay increases in the principals' contract is a real substantial chink in the armor against accountability," Deputy Mayor Anthony P. Coles said yesterday.
First, the 1999 passage of the Public Schools Accountability Act brought about substantial changes to the public K-12 schools in California.
Indeed, while clearing the way for civil lawsuits and other avenues of legal reproach, the CFTC has signaled, intentionally or not, that a new and substantial cost exists for side-stepping accountability.
While the certainty of an Obama veto loomed, the 114th Congress (the Senate, not so much) passed substantial regulatory reform measures, notably the Regulatory Accountability Act.
The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) (2005a) found substantial fragmentation of supports across multiple programs and agencies, which created major inefficiencies in service delivery and perverse incentives in promoting outcomes such as employment.
