Most of the studies did not distinguish between counterfeit and substandard drugs, referring to changes in quality of medicines collectively as 'failure'failure
Collectively the four approaches in Table 2 suggest that the propensity of health markets in LMICs to deliver products and services that are inaccessibly priced and/or are substandard in terms of safety, quality and/or efficacy emanates from a number of constraints.
Until the mid-20th century the Charles was popular among swimmers and fishers, but, despite extensive pollution-control measures enacted from the 1970s, the water quality remained substandard in the late 1990s.
A total of 8 patients (14%) were crossed over from radial-specific catheter arm to standard catheter arm because of substandard image quality and difficulty in coronary engagement.
In the letter, Mr. Gerard also expressed concern that if the parts were manufactured in China, substandard quality might pose a safety issue.
Lastly, the SYBR Green I method also eliminates problems related to probe contamination, in which substandard quality or weak fluorescence signals cause false positive results, or mismatch of the probe with the template, where the lack of a fluorescent signal or low detection rate leads to false negative results.
Such a classification may help to standardise allocation of substandard factors to categories, prioritise, guide and implement actions in quality improvement programs.
Oral artesunate monotherapy, including fake or substandard quality artesunate, were in use in southern Laos for at least six years before 2005 when the Lao Government changed the national policy for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria treatment to ACT. 11 The absence of artemisinin resistant P. falciparum from at least one site in southern Laos is reassuring.
People are tired of the substandard quality produce in most grocery stores.
There were a significant number of submissions from China in 2010, but only minorities of the submitted manuscripts were accepted for publication due to either substandard scientific quality or poor writing due to language issues.
