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Alternatively, the so called 'dual probe' method has been proposed; in this method, simultaneous administration of probe substances that respond in a similar way to variables such as extra-cellular fluid volume or renal clearance enables calculation of urinary excretion ratios, thereby eliminating the effect of these factors [ 4].
Many screens fail because they rely on highly reactive substances that respond equally well to strong and weak catalysts.
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This substance stimulates the same brain cell receptors that respond to THC, the psychoactive substance in marijuana that induces feelings of euphoria.
"We believe they have a profound symbiotic effect on developing and maintaining the immune system". Although hay fever, eczema, asthma and food allergies seem quite different, they are all "allergic diseases" because they are caused by the immune system responding to substances that are ordinarily benign, such as pollen or peanuts.
The liver receives nutrients and compounds from the intestine and needs to respond to any substances that may have detrimental effects on the fish.
Biomarkers are frequently divided into two different categories, depending on the number of substances/groups of substances they are known to respond to: General (integrative) biomarkers that respond to several classes of toxic substances and, frequently, also to other types of stressors.
The jC-S and mC females responded more strongly than the other females to male substances that reduce female receptivity: jC-S females responded to the low-MW substances within 3 to 5 h and 1 day, and to the higher-MW substances by 2 and 4 days after injection, and mC females responded to the low-MW substances by 1 day and to the higher-MW substances at 2 and 4 days after injection [ 41].
The study was investigating why healthy people and people with asthma responded so differently to substances that constricted their airways.
General (integrative) biomarkers that respond to several classes of toxic substances and, frequently, also to other types of stressors.
Vocal pathway neurons could respond to sound by releasing trophic substances that promoted local circuit growth in a manner that affected vocal output.
Muscle cells respond to exercise by pumping out a variety of substances that result in larger, stronger muscles.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com