They were in the substance of bone so could be consistent with Charcot neuroarthropathy; like others (4, 5), we have found MRI changes with Charcot to be widespread and not limited to subchondral areas.
Future studies will also have to investigate if the effect of the substance on bone cells could be improved by modification of the coating and variation of the release resulting in a slow sustained or delayed release [ 25].
The aim of this study was to evaluate these substances for the repair of bone defects in rats.
For example, a tumour that is composed of cells related to bone cells and has the structural and biochemical properties of bone substance (osteoid) is classified as an osteoma.
Disadvantages of corticosteroid use include the masking of signs of infection, an increase in the risk of peptic ulcer, the development of edema and muscle weakness, loss of bone substance (osteoporosis), and glucose intolerance resembling diabetes mellitus.
In conclusion, cell therapy with BioMax could be considered as an alternative therapy for maxillary bone defects and other losses of bone substance.
Hürzeler et al. and Vela-Nebot et al. reported a reduced loss of bone substance with platform-switched abutments when compared to regular abutments after a 6-month loading.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 a, b Impacted fragment and lack of bone substance; femoral head as a point of reference Open image in new window Fig. 3 a c Cancellous bone graft from greater trochanter to fill the gap, after reduction of articular fragment Open image in new window Fig. 4 Post-operative X-rays: a AP and b, c oblique Judet views (same patient as in Fig. 1).
It is also known that insufficient systemic supply of growth factors leads to loss of bone substance and to reduced differentiation of osteoblasts [ 14, 15].
Most importantly, it has been suggested that implant loosening or periprosthetic fractures can be consequences of this remodeling of bone substance adjacent to uncemented or cemented femoral stems (Kroger et al. 1998, Kobayashi et al. 2000).
