When patients are heavy users of psychoactive substances, it is challenging to assess their psychiatric symptoms, which may be independent of their substance use, caused by intoxication or withdrawal, or an expected effect of the substance used.
However, introducing these substances into the spinal cord, past the blood-brain barrier, without causing injury is challenging.
In response, lawyers for Hawaii, which is challenging the travel ban, said the administration was mistaking form for substance.
Substance use disorders are challenging conditions to treat, and health care providers working with addicted individuals in an outpatient setting are at a disadvantage.
The American Gay and Jamaica's Powell tested positive for banned substances a month ago and will not be challenging Usain Bolt for the coveted global 100m crown in the Russian capital this weekend.
Our clients are challenging the legality and substance of those orders.
Diagnosing psychotic disorders using DSM-IV criteria may be challenging in a clinical setting when psychosis co-occurs with substance misuse or with an inadequate substance-free period.
However, this drug delivery route, bypassing the blood brain barrier, has been challenged, because substances are rapidly removed from the brain through physiological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow pathways [ 3- 5].
That is not good enough, and although Labour accepts that a comprehensive and comprehensible new surveillance law should be introduced, the government can expect to be challenged on both substance and process.
Students are challenged to think about what they will gain if they do not use a specific substance (just yet).
