Chloroform extracts of leaves from A. absinthum had no antimicrobial activity alone at up to 500 µg/ml (Table 1), but inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus growth completely in the presence of 30 µg/ml berberine (15 µg/ml berberine for Bacillus cells), a concentration one-eighth the MIC for this substance (data not shown).
QUI/DAL resistance occurred in 13 resistance profiles always associated with resistance to four or more substance classes (data not shown).
SA and MeJA pretreatment improved the resistance of chrysanthemum against aphids and increased the content of ROS species, defensive substances, flavonoids and lignins (data not shown), which implied that multiple pathways should be involved in the response of chrysanthemum to the aphid infestation.
Control experiments using IL-8 and cytochalasin B or LPS in the absence of neutrophils ruled out cross-reactivity of these substances with the ELISA (data not shown).
All other gross lesions noted were single observations, and they were regarded to have developed spontaneously and to be unrelated to the test substances or the treatments (data not shown).
Thus, these potent analgesic and antiinflammatory effects observed with PEA-LUT were in contrast to those observed with the individual substances administered at lower doses (data not shown).
We report specifically on smoking, alcohol, any cocaine (including crack cocaine) and marijuana use in the past month, because of the high prevalence of use of these substances (>10%) in our sample (data not shown).
The sex-specific analyses revealed that differences were more pronounced among women with disorders due to psychoactive substance use and mood disorders (data not shown).
For many disinfecting substances, data on possible cross-resistances is not available; and for this reason, it is unclear which active substances pose the highest risks of these cross-resistances [7].
The results indicate that the low-intensity samples do not contain substances that affect the C3 analysis (data not shown).
