While the world consists only of two genera of individuals, substances and qualities, the concepts by which they are grasped and expressed are universal and of ten different types.
One of the central issues in RiSKWa is the evaluation of toxic relevant substances and thus evaluation concepts regarding eco-/human toxicology as well as microbiological aspects will be optimized and adapted.
On closer inspection, however, it turns out that Autrecourt's scepticism is reserved for rationalist claims about the truth of our commitments to causality and substance, concepts for which we have no empirical proof.
The aim of this short review is to assemble recently available information on the physiological roles of somatostatin and similar substances, on modern concepts on receptors, and on binding modulators, in order to attempt to arrive at a new level of interpretation that will put a new light on scintigraphic and binding data.
It might come as a surprise for the biology reader, but it is in this context of classification of substances that concepts such as genera and species first appeared (Wilkins 2009).
That is, there must always be a reason, found within the complete individual concept of substances and issuing from the free decree of God, that a is discernible from b.
The defense is to claim that there are two sorts of concepts possible of a substance, quidditative concepts, which are captured in the real definition, and concepts that express the quiddity only confusedly.
Third, the unclarity of the connection between what a thing is and what it does leaves unresolved the degree of interdependence between substance concepts and notions of purpose and final causation.
That there is a difference between substance concepts and property concepts has definitely been shown, but does it follow that there are, in reality two different kinds of thing, namely properties and substances?
Fig. 2 A graph visualization representing the concepts Substance and ChemProperty together with their primitive properties (connected by solid lines) and the class property hasChemProperty.
