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Substance use was precipitated by stressful life experiences, including stigma, and contact with drug-using social networks.
Regression analyses revealed the prevention effect of the FCU on substance use was mediated by changes in parental monitoring.
Self-reported substance use was measured by core items on tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and any illegal drug use.
Substance use was measured in the clinical trial by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), 5th Edition alcohol and drug composite scores (McLellan et al., 1985).
JJ employees generally agreed that preventing substance use was part of their agency's responsibility (mean = 3.8 on scale ranging from 1 to 5).
JJ staff generally agreed that preventing substance use was part of their agency's responsibilities (mean = 3.8 on scale ranging from 1 to 5).
Substance use was categorized dichotomously.
Substance use was measured by two items.
Substance use was high during these encounters.
Parental substance use was not available.
b No substance use was reference category in logistic regression.
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