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The concentration of unlabeled insulin is Ins – Ins* (unit: nM), while Ins*, ub and Ins ub are the amounts of substance (unit: nmol) for nonspecifically bound labeled and unlabeled insulin, respectively.
If no substance, time, and volume units were defined in previous steps, the default substance unit was set to mole, time unit to second, and volume unit to litre.
The expressions for the forward reactions of the rates r ub and r*, ub are multiplied by v d (unit: l) as Ins and Ins* (unit: nM) are concentrations, whereas Ins ub and Ins*, ub are amounts of substance (unit: nmol).
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If a species has only substance units and the user decides to bring all species to concentration units, the species must be divided by its surrounding compartment.
To this end, the SBML hasOnlySubstanceUnits attribute was set to true if it was undefined before, and species quantities that were given in concentration units were multiplied by the size of their containing compartment (within the kinetic equation) in order to obtain substance units for all species, irrespective if these were initially defined in concentration or substance units.
If a species is given in concentration units and the user wants to bring all species to substance units, then a multiplication of the species with its surrounding compartment is required.
Two cases need to be distinguished: If a species has only substance units and the user decides to bring all species to concentration units, the species must be divided by its surrounding compartment.
He wants to be a police officer someday, like his father, Rocco, who served for 25 years in the Nassau County Police Department, working for many years in the hazardous-substances unit.
In strict usage, density is defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume; however, in common usage, it is taken to be the weight in air of a unit volume of a sample at a specific temperature.
The first type represents the amount of substance per unit volume (e.g., gram per liter) and the second type represents the number of moles per unit volume (e.g., mole per liter).
Twelve participants with Alcohol Use Disorder on a residential substance rehabilitation unit reported their level of craving with a Visual Analog Scale before and after listening to either the participant-selected song or white noise.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com