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Catalyst, in chemistry, any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed.
The Arrhenius theory, named after Swedish physicist Svante August Arrhenius, views an acid as a substance that increases the concentration of the hydronium ion (H3O+) in an aqueous solution and a base as a substance that increases the hydroxide ion (OH−) concentration.
He was found with a flask labelled "Hemassist", a substance that increases the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, and was promptly sacked by his team of the time, Fassa Bortolo.
For a given solvent, an acid can then be defined as a substance that increases the lyonium ion concentration (and correspondingly decreases the lyate ion concentration), whereas a base increases the lyate ion concentration (and decreases the lyonium ion concentration).
Wetting agent, also called surfactant, chemical substance that increases the spreading and penetrating properties of a liquid by lowering its surface tension that is, the tendency of its molecules to adhere to each other.
Therefore, the chamber process has been largely replaced by the contact process, in which the reaction takes place in a hot reactor, over a platinum or vanadium compound catalyst, a substance that increases the speed of the reaction without becoming chemically involved.
Similar(48)
Triiodothyronine activates substances that increase the proportion of energy that is dissipated as heat.
The kinin system, which is activated by coagulation factor XII, produces substances that increase vascular permeability.
Certain animal secretions contain odoriferous substances that increase the lasting qualities of perfumes.
Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a reaction but are not consumed in the reaction.
Finally, there are plants that contain phototoxins — substances that increase the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet light and can result in a blistering sunburn.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com