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This is followed by an enumeration of the categories of being recognized in the system: substance, quality (guna), action, universality, particularity, and inherence (samavaya).
Many metaphysicians have relied, in this connection, on the internally related notions of substance, quality, and relation; they have argued that only what is substantial truly exists, although every substance has qualities and stands in relation to other substances.
Outside the Lyceum, the Stoic school was partly following Aristotle in its interest in formal logic, the theory of meaning, and use of the categories (e.g., substance, quality, relation).
They include substance, quality, quantity, and relation, among others.
Hence, there are three basic categories: substance, quality, and action.
This chapter will elaborate on the QbR for drug substance quality assessment.
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This work distinguishes the first four Aristotelian categories (substance, quantity, quality, and relation) as intrinsic and the last six categories as extrinsic.
A quality may be defined as what is neither substance nor action and yet is the substratum of universals (for universals are supposed to inhere only in substances, qualities, and actions).
The schools of Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika set up an ontology containing substances, qualities, actions, relations, generic and particular properties, etc.
Group (c) corresponds to the category 'universal', for universals are said to inhere in things (substances, qualities and motions) but do not have anything inhering in them.
Substances, qualities, relations and facts are existents and McTaggart does not seem to think of qualities or relations as parts of facts (McTaggart 1921 Vol. I, §10 p. 11).
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