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As a Realist philosopher believing that universal concepts have a real existence he attacked it because, in the annihilation of the substance of bread and wine, the cessation of being was involved.
The celebrated term transubstantiation is defined as the change of the substance of bread and wine into the substance of the body and blood of Jesus Christ, even though the physical appearance of the offering remains unchanged.
Consubstantiation differs radically from the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, which asserts that the total substance of bread and wine are changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ at the moment of consecration in such a way that only the appearances of the original elements remain.
Galileo's speculations in atomic theory, which were different from what we would call atomic theory today, involved a rejection of Aristotelian physics and, with it, the possibility of transubstantiation — that is, the miraculous changing of the substance of bread into the substance of Jesus' body during Mass.
Even if we do not believe in the Aristotelian notion of transubstantiation, and that the substance of bread and wine become the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ, we still affirm, "Amen.
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The substances of bread and wine are transubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ, with only the appearance of bread and wine remaining (as defined by the Council of Trent).
Duns Scotus and Ockham, on the contrary, had claimed that after consecration the substance of the bread (and wine) was annihilated by God, while the accidents of the bread (and wine) remained the same as before because of an intervention of divine omnipotence.
But his chief target was the doctrine of transubstantiation that the substance of the bread and wine used in the Eucharist is changed into the body and blood of Christ.
This is not the same as the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the substance of the bread and wine is changed into the body and blood of Christ though the properties of the elements remain the same, when the priest consecrates the bread and wine.
St. Thomas's explanation of this process, called 'transubstantiation', was that the substance of the bread (and wine) was changed into the body (and blood) of Christ, whereas its quantity, through which the substance of the bread received physical extension and the other accidental forms, was now the entity that kept the other accidental forms physically in being.
As a consequence, Wyclif affirms the simultaneous presence in the Eucharist of the body of Crhist and of the substance of the bread (and wine), which continues to exist even after the consecration.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com