Renewable raw materials produced from carbohydrates and oil biorefineries were used as basic substances in this study.
Lifetime substance use in this study refers to respondents who admitted to having ever used at least one of the substances listed in the questionnaire.
The rates of other substance use in this study were low.
The lifetime prevalence of substance use in this study was 66.1%, a rate that is comparable to the 65% reported in the study among prisoners in Uganda [ 15].
The high prevalence of substance use in this study sample was also observed in other studies of alternative high school students [ 48- 50].
All assessments of smoking and other substance use in this study are administered outside of social media (i.e., Qualtrics website housed on a secure UCSF server).
Substance use in this study is defined as the use of alcohol, khat and/or tobacco by medical students either in lifetime, in the past 12 months or in the past month/week.
It is not clear why T. gondii exposure was negatively associated with suicidal ideation in patients suffering from mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use in this study.
Of the various types of substance use in this study, cocaine use was the most likely form of injection drug use, which has also been implicated in the transmission of not only HIV, but also HBV and HCV, particularly among minority populations [ 23- 25].
None of the natural substances considered in this study is in the list of substances of very high concern (SVHC).
