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After Rick Torcasso, the chief executive of a marketing company, decided to build a rammed earth home on a mountain in Santa Fe, N.M., the builders used subsoil from the mountain itself as construction material.
The thick walls of the wood-framed building are constructed of subsoil from a local quarry rammed into a shuttering system until they have the consistency of soft rock, and finished with Hemcrete, a mixture of hemp and lime.
It's not just the terrorism, kidnapping, drug trafficking and other headline-hogging afflictions (the ones that tend to obsess western governments and analysts), it's the vicious subsoil from which those headlines grow: the poverty, corruption, political indifference, underdevelopment, armed conflict and desertification.
A calcareous subsoil from Toyama Prefecture containing fossil shells (pH ∼9.2; [38]) was used to establish a paddy field in the quarantine area of the Field Science Center of Tohoku University (Osaki, Miyagi, Japan; 38° 44' N; 140° 45' E).
We conducted a pot experiment in order to investigate growth and nutritional constraints of one calcicole species, Anisantha (syn. Bromus) tectorum, and one calcifuge species, Rumex acetosella, in decalcified topsoil and recently exposed calcareous subsoil from a field experiment in sandy grassland.
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In this study, the Capillary Rise Method (CRM) was used to assess contact angles of single intact 1 2 mm soil aggregates, packings of intact aggregates and packings of crushed (homogenized) aggregates of 9 topsoils and 3 humus subsoils from 5 sites in Germany.
The utilization of heat fluxes from the subsoil and from the tunnels themselves is an essential difference between tunnel absorbers and activated piles as well as diaphragm walls; therefore the utilization of tunnel absorbers can be regarded as a duo-hybrid-system.
Because of the high humidity, a yellow soil with a yellowish brown subsoil originated from sandstone, shale, and clay constitutes the largest area in the province.
The same trend was found for three subsoil layers from 0.35 0.95 m depth, but the model accounted for only 16% of the variation in σpc.
The experimental soil is a deeply weathered course textured loamy sand topsoil over sandy loam subsoil derived from granite and classified as Udic Kandiustalf (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA) and Gleyic Luvisol (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)) (FAO 1988; Nyamapfene 1991; Soil Survey Staff 1992).
For example, we may have to harvest the crops from the affected area before it goes under water due to surface subsidence, or we may have to remove structures, or move inhabitants away from the affected areas, or remove subsoil or topsoil from the affected areas.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com