Taken up by Chinese Buddhism, wu not only referred to non-existence but also served as a variant of the Mahayana Buddhist notion of emptiness (śūnyatā), a negation of the self-subsistence of individual beings and an affirmation of their interdependence.
Prior studies of coprolites from this region have greatly expanded our knowledge of Archaic subsistence patterns, but have not taken full advantage of the record of individual dietary decisions recorded in each coprolite specimen.
This relates to i) varying abundance of individual resources across the landscape, and ii) differences in harvest purpose (subsistence versus sale) and product type (low-value/low-return versus high-value/high return).
It represents the energetic costs of simple subsistence, determining an individual's minimum energy requirement under a standardized set of conditions.
Individuals affected with this mental ailment are with disrupted mood that affects their basic subsistence of life (Murray et al. 2013).
The potential subsistence of truncated Fam162a proteins was not evaluated.
The financial incentive schemes detailed here offer an opportunity to effectively target specific groups of individuals in a society, reduce reliance on cash in subsistence economies [ 25], and effectively promote uptake of services.
It is important that services and professionals especially consider the needs of individuals with chronic illness who depend on social assistance for their subsistence, as they may be in a particularly vulnerable and dependent position in relation to public services.
Average educational attainment remains low – only 17.7% of individuals over 15 years of age have completed primary school, and only 4% of individuals over 20 have completed secondary school; 89% of its inhabitants make a living as subsistence farmers [ 23].
Here we present a proto-type coupled modelling system to simulate land-use change by bringing together three simple process models: (a) an agent-based model of subsistence farming; (b) an individual-based model of forest dynamics; and (c) a spatially explicit hydrological model which predicts distributed soil moisture and basin scale water fluxes.
Regarding the supply side, there are considerable variations in the typologies of the offenders involved ranging from individual subsistence hunters to sophisticated crime syndicates depending on the market demand and on the different species traded (Warchol [2004]; IFAW [2008]).
