8 In many instance these data exclude subsistence production and catches by recreational fishers.
17– 20 In brief, the survey was conducted in rural Nyando Division in Nyanza Province, western Kenya, where the population is of the Luo ethno-linguistic group and where the main occupation is subsistence farming; previously collected data from the NICHE project indicated a high rate of morbidity from malaria and poor nutrition among residents of this area.
The most important point that emerges from our review is that despite numerous studies of Fiji's reef fisheries, the current status of reef-associated fisheries at the national level is still uncertain due, mainly, to the lack of dependable data on the subsistence fisheries.
One patient was a student, one was imprisoned and one was receiving a subsistence income from the Public Social Welfare Agency (data on income/employment were not available for two patients).
This is particularly evident for degradation associated with local markets and subsistence, where the historical field data sources are generally rare and where remote sensing approaches have limited ability to provide information based on archived data.
Moreover, this study has the intention of integration the anthracological record with the archaeological data already published concerning subsistence, technology and paleoecology to a better understanding to human behaviour during this period.
Assuming that those belonging to the lowest household income quartile incur expenditure based on the concept of subsistence expenditure, [ 25] our data suggest that on average this group spends about 50% of their annual household income for RTI medical care and is 7 times more likely to have distress financing for RTI care.
When hunter-gatherers are excluded (FP dataset), only three subsistence modes are represented in the data, namely agriculturalists, agro-pastoralists, and pastoralists (Table 1).
The frequency of the fast acetylation phenotype, as inferred from genotype data, was also compared across subsistence categories.
The gathering of grain and cattle pastoralism may also have played important nutritional or economic roles; further data relevant to occupancy and subsistence patterns are needed, such as seasonality data from piscine otoliths recovered from middens.
