Exact(32)
Irf3 and Irf7 have been shown to induce type 1 interferons, which subsequently stimulate Jak-Stat signal transduction pathways leading to upregulated transcription of various interferon-stimulated genes [ 54– 54].
Synthetic CpG oligonucleotide is a TLR9 agonist that can induce IL-12 production in APCs and subsequently stimulate antigen-specific Th1-mediated cellular immune responses, involving CTLs (Krieg et al., 1995; Klinman et al., 2004).
Subretinal visual implants, such as the CE-approved Retina Implant Alpha IMS (Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany), sense light through the eye's optics and subsequently stimulate retinal bipolar cells via ∼1500 independent pixels to project visual signals to the brain.
The growing interest in tissue engineering has stimulated the research of biomaterials that can be used as cellular supports and/or scaffolds to subsequently stimulate and/or regenerate tissues.
Most notably, the fact that these responses were practically abolished after reserpine (Fig. 4a) reinforces the role of an indirect tyramine-like action in (S -isometheptene-induced tachycardic responses (i.e. by displacing noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves which, in turn, would subsequently stimulate cardiac β-adrenoceptors).
The excessive presence of the chemokine may subsequently stimulate CXCR4 which is highly expressed on the heart endothelium (MT, unpublished), leading to aberrant proliferation [55].
Similar(28)
In stimulation experiments, the medium was changed 24 h after transfection, washed and subsequently stimulated with or without TNF-α (10 nM) for the next 24 h.
Cells were pretreated with BNO 1095 for 1 h and subsequently stimulated with 50 ng/ml LPS for 24 h.
It appears that oxidative stress stimulates an increase in BDNF content, which subsequently stimulates increased antioxidant enzyme expression, at least in part via increased NF-κB activation [83,84].
Increased NAD+ subsequently stimulates SIRT1 activity, which in turn activates PGC-1α and FOXO family of proteins that govern mitochondrial biogenesis and function (Fig. 3) [22] 22].
Cells were then incubated with different concentrations of compounds for different times, and subsequently stimulated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α for 4 h.
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