In this subsequent study, superiority is concluded only if it can be demonstrated.
For any test of non-inferiority that is deemed significant, a subsequent test of superiority will be performed.
At 52 weeks, canagliflozin 300 mg demonstrated noninferiority and, in a subsequent assessment, showed superiority to sitagliptin 100 mg in reducing A1C (−1.03% [−11.3 mmol/mol] and −0.66% [−7.2 mmol/mol], respectively; least squares mean difference between groups, −0.37% [95% CI, −0.50 to −0.25] or −4.0 mmol/mol [−5.5 to −2.7]).
If the non-inferiority hypothesis of the test treatment is validated and not rejected (non-inferiority is demonstrated), it is possible to design a subsequent study to verify superiority or concurrent non-inferiority and superiority.
It is tempting to trace the recent history of Ashes first ball-ism back to Michael Slater's gloriously crushing dismissal of the opening ball of the 1994-95 Aserieseries, a Phillip DeFreitas long hop transformed with the passing of time into the pistol shot that signalled the start of Australia's subsequent decade of annihilating superiority.
The same cut-off was applied in combination with the previously proposed TDI septal-to-lateral delay of ≥60 ms in a subsequent study, demonstrating the superiority of a combined assessment over the single use of any of the two [ 54].
In fact, other drug combinations with even higher objective response rates than observed in the present study have been described in the past, and have failed to show superiority in subsequent phase III trials (Kelsen et al, 1998; Vanhoefer et al, 2000).
Subsequent trials have demonstrated the superiority of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy over a sequential approach (Furuse et al, 1999; Curran et al, 2003; Zatloukal et al, 2004), although at the expense of increased toxicity, in particular severe oesophageal toxicity.
The United States learned how to intervene and proclaimed its superiority and World dominance subsequent to the armistice and in the aftermath of World War II.
Subsequent large randomized trials have confirmed the superiority of ultrasound guidance [ 112, 113].
