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However, most climbers were associated with subordinate shrubs.
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Associations between climber species with subordinate trees and shrubs were the major determinants of climber presence in these vegetation patches.
Trellis availability at the first stratum was related to greater climber diversity suggesting that subordinate trees and shrubs may be crucial to promote climber diversity in this plant community.
Many other trees, shrubs, and grasses occupy subordinate positions.
We used two long-term datasets to evaluate the effects of shrub invasion on richness and dynamics of subordinate species in Chihuahuan desert plant communities.
While 15 years of research in the site associated local floristic diversity to dominant trees, our results demonstrate that climber diversity in this community is governed by interactions with subordinate host woody species related to the environmental support for growth created by such trees and shrubs.
Authority vs. subordinate.
About the shrubs.
Flowers grow into shrubs, shrubs into trees.
The shrubs match.
Christmas shrubs, perhaps.
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