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In order to obtain betulinic acid, betulin was submitted to transformation with the selected microorganisms.
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Proportion of correct responses was then submitted to arcsine transformation in order to meet criteria for parametric analyses.
Data were submitted to PARETO transformation before statistical analysis.
For antioxidant assays, the percentage values obtained for DPPH, FIC, and BCB with each concentration were converted into absolute values, submitted to angular transformation, and compared with Student's t-test for independent data.
To "stretch out" proportions that are close to 0, edge densities were submitted to a logit transformation (logit(p) = 0.5 × ln(p/(1 – p))), 27 after regularizing 0 to the smallest possible nonzero value in the data (10−4) for numerical reasons.
The cleaned data file was then submitted to recoding and transformations to create and calculate variables ready for analyses.
Trait values were standardized (submitted to a z statistical transformation generating z-scores) to allow comparison and calculations among ecoregions.
Values for HbA1c, years of type 2 diabetes, and REM and NREM AHI were submitted to natural log (Ln) transformation.
Single calls were submitted to a fast Fourier transformation (1024-pt FFT; time step: 5 ms; frequency range: 22.05 kHz; frequency resolution: 21 Hz) with AVISOFT-SASLab pro.
Data were tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilks' W or Anderson-Darling normality tests and, where necessary, percentage data were first transformed using arcsine transformation before being submitted to analysis.
New transformation events are routinely submitted to the EU Council and analytical methods therefore need to be continuously up-dated.
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