Problems may, therefore, arise if not all aggressive, and submissive interactions are recognized as such by the observer or if nonagonistic behaviors were misclassified as agonistic.
Levels of faecal testosterone were negatively correlated with the frequencies of submissive intra-sexual interactions (rs10 = −0.9879, p<0.0001).
Territorial males also showed a lower frequency of submissive intra-sexual interactions (territorial vs resident, U = 16, p = 0.0034; territorial vs transient, U = 130, p = 0.0146).
The number of aggressive, submissive, and neutral interactions that the focal male engaged in was recorded (Eggert et al. 2008).
We distinguished affiliative NAVs from parents by observing the chicks' responses to the attending adults, as in Nazca booby chicks [21]: blue-footed booby chick victims of NAV behavior tuck their bills under and push their forehead to the ground, leaving the backs of their necks exposed in a submissive posture, during the interactions.
Urine visualisation showed that female urine release coincides with aggressive behaviours but not with female submissive behaviour in reproductive interactions as well as in intersexual and intrasexual fights.
We included data on all types of interactions (aggressive, submissive, and neutral) between focal and nonfocal males from both first and second contests.
Interactivity rank was the rank of the individual within the herd, when ordered according to the total number of interactions that individual was involved in during the feed trial (either aggressive or submissive), where the most interactive member of the herd was given rank 1.
Sifakas are known to exhibit an open-mouth play face as well as a submissive teeth-baring grimace used in agonistic interactions.
Being both sexually submissive and excessively polite about expressing it makes this interaction completely farcical; you end up with a lot of hideous Hugh Grant-esque dithery mumbling: "Um, could you just, maybe, perhaps, try choking me?
