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Last year, the British bank Barclays agreed to a $450 million settlement with authorities after some of its traders were found to have altered Libor rate submissions for financial gain.
The Swiss bank admitted its staff had rigged its Libor rate submissions for two main purposes.
It also manipulated submissions for another short-term rate linked to the value of UK government debt.
In 2008, a Barclays employee told the authority that the bank was lowering its submissions for the London interbank offered rate, or Libor, although Barclays never specifically said the activities amounted to manipulation.
At one point in early 2007, Mr. Darin told a junior employee that a main consideration for rates submissions was the needs of Mr. Hayes and his fellow yen swaps traders.
Banks have said that their submissions for Libor are an estimate of what the rate would be if they did lend the money.
Barclays traders pushed their own money-market desks to doctor submissions for LIBOR (and for EURIBOR, a euro-based interest rate put together in Brussels).
Mares treated with GnRH exhibited marked increases (P ≤ 0.04) in the frequency of development of a 35-mm follicle, submission rate for live cover and/or artificial insemination, ovulation, and pregnancy compared with control mares on treatment Day 56 (March 29).
E-MAIL submissions for Lives to [email protected].
Total of 91 submissions for the CDI and 106 submissions for the CEM were evaluated.
Departments will now have to submit case studies using a standard template that will inform an "impact sub-profile" for each submission, which will rate the proportion of the submission at each level (1* to 4* and Unclassified – 4 is the highest).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com