For salinity stress, we kept the plants in 450 mM (salt450) and 700 mM (salt700) sodium chloride solutions and for submergence stress, plants were kept completely submerged in water (submergence) and 450 mM sodium chloride solution (salt + submergence) and collected the tissues after 12 h of treatment.
The superiority of FR13A is linked with higher carbohydrate stored in stems before submergence and slower leaf elongation when submerged; but also to higher percentage survival and faster recovery afterwards.
Submergence and basin formation of the Little Alfold began several million years ago.
The coast has undergone recent marine submergence and is marked by rias, or drowned river valleys, that form inlets and tidal estuaries.
The zone is characterized by abundant dissolved oxygen, sunlight, nutrients, generally high wave energies and water motion, and, in the intertidal subzone, alternating submergence and exposure.
The original caldera, 3 miles (5 km) wide and 5 miles (8 km) long, was at the head of Lualualei Valley (near Kolekole Pass) but was buried through submergence and erosion.
This was likely due to periodic reduction and oxidation processes caused by artificial submergence and drainage.
In different rainfed lowland sites plant experience both complete submergence and waterlogging.
OsERF067 (LOC_Os07g47790) was shown to be upregulated in M202 under submergence and in IR64 under dehydration.
In our plants, total peroxidase activity (POX) increased in both 'FR13A'and 'TL3' during submergence and this may have lowered H2O2 sufficiently to contribute to their tolerance of submergence and especially so after submergence when activity in 'TL3' was maintained.
Tolerance to prolonged flood, submergence and cold are special features along with strong photoperiod sensitivity and lack of dormancy.
