The total Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) of 25 ARF reported by subjects was estimated using published values.
A sample size of 18 subjects was estimated using a formula by Zhang et al. [6] to provide 80% power to detect approximately a 20% difference on a log scale in AUC0 12h and Cmax between the brand formulation and the generic formulation.
The percentage of total hepatocytes undergoing necrosis in these subjects was estimated using a mechanistic, multiscale, mathematical model (DILIsym).
The extent of admixture (i.e., average ancestry proportions) in unrelated subjects was estimated using the program STRUCTURE [ 15] by analyzing 38 AIMs (in combined EA and AA subjects) [ 6, 27, 28].
The number of sources for the decomposition for each subject was estimated using Laplace approximation to the posterior distribution of the model order and its mode [41].
MCP-1 concentration (pg/ml) for each subject was estimated using a linear regression fit to the standard curve of recombinant MCP-1 protein standards included on each plate using a 3-fold serial dilution series.
The correlation within a subject was estimated using R function duplicateCorrelation in limma package.
Therefore, based on our prevalence considerations, the sample size for the RESPECT study was estimated using 2828 subjects.
The number of subjects to be included in the study was estimated using a power analysis (effect size = 0.85,αerror = 0.05, power = 0.80) and based on a preliminary study of PS.
Mass-inertial parameters and segment dimensions of 40 male subjects and 40 female subjects (18 59 years old) were estimated using a 16-segment model under the assumption that each segment has a constant density distribution after reconstructing the scan data.
