But some of his subjects started off with few financial advantages.
Subjects started to look back at viewers or stare thoughtfully into space.
In the second study, at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, subjects started weighing an average of 288 pounds.
A majority of his new book's subjects started out creating punklike music and went on to develop a sophisticated, dance-oriented sound.
Whether the subjects started fat, thin, or between, the study showed that they each burned 1,360 calories per square meter of body surface per day.
Most of Mr. Steinberg's subjects started as stand-ups, though they have transcended the club circuit thanks to television and movies.
That was greater than the average 8-pound loss among the low-fat dieters, but still not a significant amount, given that the subjects started out weighing an average of 216 pounds.
In the early nineteen-eighties, when Bwayo, who also has a Ph.D. in immunology, was at the University of Nairobi researching sexually transmitted diseases among prostitutes, his subjects started showing up with symptoms of a new disease.
Two days before arriving in the metabolic ward the subjects started with a diet.
Subjects started reading task as they heard the instruction "START" and stopped as they heard "STOP".
Treadmill subjects started treatment with average unweighting of 30% body weight and treadmill speed set at 1.1 miles/h.
