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There were no differences in the average success rate of calculating: On average, both patients and subjects solved 70% of the arithmetic tasks correctly.
When we presented the boxes with the functional rope, we found no effect of having been exposed to a model on the probability that subjects solved the task.
If the subjects solved Phase 1 by attending to the functionality of the problem (i.e. the physical/causal relationship between the cloth and food), then reversing the colours in Phase 2 should have no effect on the subjects' performances.
In another experiment with 93 undergraduates and a larger sample of 148 American adults recruited online, some subjects solved word puzzles that incorporated words such as "analyze," "reason," and "ponder," while others completed similar puzzles with only words unrelated to thinking, such as "high" and "plane".
Once the subjects reached criterion, we reversed the association between the cloth colour and the food reward in Phase 2. If the subjects solved the problems in Phase 1 by attending to cloth colour, then in Phase 2 they should have difficulty, especially given prior findings on tamarins demonstrating that reversal learning is difficult.
All three subjects solved the three-tool problem (Tertiary; see Video S3) on at least some trials, and all had higher rates of success on the second block of these trials (Tertiary-2; Corbeau: 30% vs 69%, n = 23 trials; Pierre: 70% vs 100%, n = 20; Uék: 40% vs 62%, n = 23).
Similar(47)
In a 1996 study, researchers at Macalester College and New York University had subjects solve 60 anagrams and rate how difficult each one would be for others to solve.
Specifically, we model different cognitive strategies that have been observed for human subjects solving the Tower of Hanoi problem.
The stress task was adapted from one previously demonstrated to induce mental stress and headache [20], and involved subjects solving anagrams and arithmetic problems, presented via computer monitor.
Results from a study using this technique are used to measure on line glucose uptake while subjects solve problems in a Raven test.
How subjects solve this problem is explored in the experiment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com