The protocol was designed to reduce the possibility that the data set contained unreliable sequences due to over-amplification of specific viral variants, problematic sequences due to PCR contamination, sample mislabeling, inter-subject contamination, intra-subject contamination or sequences that clustered with significant variance over independent samplings in a phylogenetic tree.
When all sequences were included in a single phylogenetic analysis, sequences from each mother-infant pair formed a strong monophyletic group, indicating that maternal and infant sequences were epidemiologically linked and there was no evidence of cross-subject contamination (Figure 1).
Unlike with monoesters, the secondary metabolites are unlikely subjects of contamination (Wittassek and Angerer 2008).
In EBC samples collected with this device from 12 subjects, salivary contamination was excluded through the colorimetric detection of α-amylase (Infinity amylase reagent; Sigma, St . Louis MO, USA).
The home can also be subject to contamination by particulate matter (PM) and compounds such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
The spectrum was subject to contamination by a photoproduct of PC, which was assumed to have a similar structure to 2,2′-dihydroxydiphenyl.
The composite substrates have been subjected to contamination with release agent, moisture, fingerprint, thermal degradation and de-icing fluid before being bonded on the metallic stamp.
Similarly to other open air-aquatic environments, they are subject to contamination, but as such, they also represent a source of bioaerosols.
Due to the provenance of medicinal plants, they are subjected to contamination by moulds, which may be responsible for spoilage and production of mycotoxins.
Existing proxies for past algal productivity do not represent total productivity; for example, biogenic opal2 reflects the contribution of only part of the phytoplankton community, and the organic carbon record can be subject to contamination from terrestrial inputs2,3.
