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We have previously hypothesized that obsessive-compulsive (OC) tendencies are associated with a general lack of subjective conviction regarding internal states, which leads to compensatory seeking of and reliance on more discernible substitutes (proxies) for these states (Lazarov, A., Dar, R., Oded, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010).
Facts are objectively verifiable, whereas beliefs derive from subjective conviction or faith.
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The upshot is that the modern sceptic is suspicious of subjective convictions".
The modern sceptic is indeed suspicious of subjective convictions, which is not to say they dismiss them completely.
The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) hypothesis predicts that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with a deficit in subjective convictions, which may lead to a reliance on external substitutes for the perceptions of an individual's internal states.
Thus, using hypnosis in appropriately preselected participants, it is quite possible to dissociate subjective experience from the objective input available to the senses, and independently manipulate subjective convictions.
This is why Kant claims that "Belief yields a conviction that is not communicable (because of its subjective ground)" (Ref. 2489).
Preset conviction, subjective symptom appreciation and random symptom fluctuation increase the risk of falsely positive results.
Beginning with the post-WWII emergence of a pain relief economy in response to concerns about recovering soldiers, Wailoo explores the 1960s rise of an expansive liberal pain standard, along with the emerging conviction that subjective pain was real, disabling, and compensable.
A delusion can be defined as "a false, unshakeable idea or belief which is out of keeping with the patient's educational, cultural and social background... held with extraordinary conviction and subjective certainty", and is a core feature of psychotic disorders.
Smith ([1994]) posits that the distinction between belief (when meaning subjective and based on personal conviction) and acceptance (when meaning a systematic evaluation of the evidence) is a crucial aspect of understanding the nature of scientific knowledge.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com