The finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD), although recognized as a flexible, robust and simple to implement method for solving complex electromagnetic problems, is subject to numerical dispersion errors.
They say economics is all about "constrained optimisation" - you try to get the best outcome, subject to numerical constraints.
Our normalised DDCs are by definition unbiased, and not subject to numerical normalisation noise.
This can be attributed to numerical error propagation, because under the standard approach a significantly larger number of computations is conducted that may introduce rounding errors.
Such areas can be delineated using standard well capture zone delineation methods, with three important differences: (1) natural gradients are smaller compared to those produced by supply wells and are therefore subject to greater numerical errors, (2) stream discharge varies seasonally, and (3) stream discharge varies spatially.
If the observability mapping is not injective in the whole and the state trajectory of the system passes close to some set where the property of observability is lost (about which the observability mapping is not injective), the resulting high-gain observers may be subject to significant numerical errors.
In practice, the metabolites that are very close to zero in concentration can give a rather large signal due just to numerical errors.
Hence, even if biases due to numerical errors can be minimized, in some cases small but significant numerical sources of error that affect the statistical accuracy of the inferred demographic parameters will remain.
The estimation of AD and EF is subject to two major error types: sampling errors and non-sampling errors [15].
Calculating this quasistatic estimator for each subintegral and adding yields the following expression for the quasistatic estimator of : (7) The obtained estimates of the log Bayes Factor are subject to a discretization error (due to numerical integration) and sampling variance (due to the limited number of MCMC-draws used in the calculation of the expected potential).
