Highly stressed soft rock subject to expansion deformation is particularly difficult to control.
In particular, the ancestral B gene seems to have been subject to expansion during the evolution of the rhesus macaque, which started 23 31 million years (Myr) ago [20], as was concluded based on the observation that a particular MHC region comprises multiple Mamu-B-like genes [16], [21].
Furthermore, it can be deduced that TFs in particular were subject to expansion during plant evolution, which has been suggested earlier (Richardt et al. 2007).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNP haplotypes, repetitive sequences, whether stable or subject to expansion or contraction, appear in a new light, as respective nucleosomes involved may vary in strength and/or position.
On the contrary, IRs represent hotspots for structural rearrangements within the cp genome (Wicke et al. 2011), because they are frequently subject to expansion, contraction, or even complete loss as mentioned earlier.
Repetitive regions are subject to expansion or contraction when single-stranded DNA becomes exposed, allowing repetitive sequences to form secondary structures (i.e., DNA hairpins), particularly during replication, transcription, and DNA repair (Pearson et al. 2005).
In humans, triplet repeats near or inside of coding regions are sometimes subject to expansions, which can directly cause genetic diseases (Cummings and Zoghbi 2000; Warren and Ashley 1995).
Moreover, the results clarified the failure mechanisms and fracture processes, thereby contributing to a better understanding of fracture mechanisms in heterogeneous materials subjected to expansion pressure in boreholes.
Unwrapped concrete prisms (70 × 70 × 260 mm in size; three prisms for each concrete mix) made with two different alkali-reactive aggregates and four different alkali contents were subjected to expansion tests at 38 °C and RH >95% (CPT-38 °C tests).
A numerical model is proposed to study crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in heterogeneous materials subjected to expansion pressure in boreholes using the finite element method and damage mechanics.
These data suggest that the region has been subjected to expansion.
