Wallace found it difficult to think through the implications of natural selection, and was reluctant in later years to allow that humans too were subject to evolutionary change.
However, this in itself does not indicate the extent to which the downstream targets of the regulatory network are subject to evolutionary change.
The timing of these transitions is usually under strong genetic control (Gould 1977; Guerrant 1988; MacKinney and MacNamara 1991) and can be subject to evolutionary change in a phenomenon referred to as heterochrony (MacKinney and MacNamara 1991).
The emergence of angiosperms more than 180 million years ago is characterized by the acquisition of three dispersal units (seed, fruit, infructescence) subject to evolutionary change, and thus to favour morphological differentiation into multiple LDD syndromes.
Over short timescales, this may be approximately true, but over longer timescales, is itself subject to evolutionary change, and it is this fact that makes expressions for kcrit (such as eqn A6) 'deceptively simple' (Bürger and Lynch 1995).
However, deviations from the C. elegans pattern observed in other rhabditid nematodes show that the strictly determined mode of development is subject to evolutionary change, making it particularly attractive for the study of underpinning regulatory logic of developmental mechanisms.
Members of close binary systems, however, are sometimes subject to evolutionary effects, mass exchange, and other disturbances that change the details of their spectra.
(9a), (9b), and (9c), entail that changes in the life-history variables will be subject to evolutionary trends similar to the patterns that characterize entropy.
