Suggestions(5)
Exact(4)
Many generic and specific measures of HRQL may be subject to ceiling effect problems in that they may not be able to describe patients or subjects with above average (supra-normal) health.
In particular, we used Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scale scores, which are nonlinear transformations of the raw scores designed to eliminate age as a variable and subject to ceiling and floor effects [ 21, 22].
Patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild AD are subject to ceiling effects and patients in advanced AD stage are subject to floor effects, in part due to eroding language abilities.
Happé and Frith, however, utilised a small sample size (18 CD children and 8 controls) and a first-order task which, if used with individuals whose mental age is more than six years, is subject to ceiling effects [ 21].
Similar(56)
Charitable deductions, moreover, are subject to ceilings.
Weekly maximum working time under such hours-averaging schemes may itself be subject to a ceiling, such as 60 hours.
Yet the arguments of reformers seem to ignore this point, which was made by the Supreme Court in its historic 1976 Buckley v. Valeo decision on campaign finance: "Being free to engage in unlimited political expression subject to a ceiling on expenditures is like being free to drive an automobile as far and as often as one desires on a single tank of gas".
However, increasing workload/staffing ratios is less likely to be subject to a ceiling effect.
The maximum duration of unemployment benefit was (most of the period) of five years12 with a replacement rate of 90% subject to a ceiling.
Covered earnings can be regarded as a good proxy for actual earnings, although they are subject to a ceiling and a floor: on the one hand, a minimum contribution must be paid over earnings, independently of the actual amount received; on the other hand, earnings above a given ceiling are not subject to contribution and therefore do not generate further rights.
The analysis of acceptance as measured by the MATE was revealed to significantly increase as well t (146) = 3.38, p < 0.01, which we did not anticipate since we assumed that these scores would be rather high and therefore be subject to a ceiling effect.
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