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According to the skeptical view, "Mental processes are unaffected by hypnotic procedures, but the subject acts as if the world were as suggested by the hypnotist".
In this way, each subject acts as its own control.
In this way, each subject acts as its own control, thus reducing the effects of any potential confounders.
Because in such analyses each subject acts as their own control, a full set of data per individual was not required, and the models were constructed with all available data.
As each subject acts as their own control, this comparison is less susceptible to confounding effects, but it hypothesizes a measurable difference in the neuronal activity of the two hemispheres in unilateral tinnitus.
Each subject acts as his/her own control, so that the response to treatment A can be compared with that of treatment B without concern for issues involving patient variation, if the duration of therapy in each arm means that the other factors affecting the symptom are likely to remain stable for the entire study.
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Our study was a within-subject 'before and after' evaluation in which each study subject acted as their own control.
This was a study of within-subject repeated measures in which each subject acted as his or her own control.
This was a longitudinal study of repeated measures where each subject acted as his or her own control over time.
Each subject acted as its own control for the paired t test analysis of plasma glucose and glucose clamp data.
To detect a primary treatment effect of 1 unit change in meibomian gland dropout (β=0.2, α=0.05), 23 subjects were required as each subject acted as their own control based upon published data (SD in MGD patients=±1.7 per eight glands).
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