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Moreover, the work [64] proposes enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) techniques for the two-tier HetNet where the optimal cell range expansion bias and almost blank subframe rate are obtained to achieve the fair resource sharing and interference management between two network tiers.
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Brute-force search method is also used, for example, in [16] to find the optimum REB and duty cycle of almost blank subframes that maximize the rate coverage in HetNets. Figure 9 shows the plots of ρ∗ and ρ′∗ as the functions of α and τ.
Regarding the proposed ABS pattern design, the calculation of the sum rate for each subframe in one frame is needed.
However, when we calculate the average drop ratio, we only use average packet arrival rate and uplink subframe capacity.
We set for all users (i.e., the time constant of the exponential filter for rate averaging is subframe).
A transport block (consisting of data bytes to be transmitted in a subframe) is encoded using a rate 1/3 Turbo encoder and, depending on the CQI feedback, assigned RBs, and modulation, the encoded transport block is rate-matched appropriately to match the code rate supported by the indicated CQI.
After calculating the DL/UL subframe ratio, the DL subframe size and UL subframe size are defined.
Based on the derived result, ΔF[i] implies that the sum rate difference of the ith subframe configured as the normal subframe or the protected subframe.
Antenna separation 1 wavelength Antenna training rate (T) 100 subframes.
Antenna separation 1 wavelength Antenna training rate (T) 100 subframes Table 4 Evaluation parameters for Trial 3 (severe interference) UL UE/INT channel model TGn C both UE/INT speed 0.25 m/s both UE/INT transmit power −4/−20 dBm UE/INT average path loss ≈39.1/22.1 dB Number of antennas (N) 1 (fixed ant).
The left and right channel input signals were decomposed into 32 ms subframes with 50% overlap at a sampling rate of 16 kHz.
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