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The Iub/Iur Framing Protocol E-DCH data frame (DF) contains the user data, the Frame Sequence Number (FSN), the Connection Frame Number (CFN), and Subframe Number.
CFN and Subframe Number are used for reordering, but can also be used to calculate a Delay Reference Time (DRT) which defines when the DF was sent from Node B. FSN and DRT can be used for TN congestion detection.
Table 1 LTE subframe configurations Uplink-downlink Downlink to uplink Subframe number configuration Switch-point periodicity (ms) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 D S U U U D S U U U 1 5 D S U U D D S U U D 2 5 D S U D D D S U D D 3 10 D S U U U D D D D D 4 10 D S U U D D D D D D 5 10 D S U D D D D D D D 6 5 D S U U U D S U U D. Dynamic TDD has been studied widely.
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Assuming the worst case where the pattern is changed at each subframe, a number of CS symbols needs to be transmitted for every transmitted data symbols in the subframe and therefore the transmission efficiency can be expressed as (17).
If the length of the subframe is a number of time slots then the number of symbols reordered for a transmitter with antennas is.
In practice, downlink backhaul radio resources are achieved by allocating RNs up to six multicast-broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) subframes (frame numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8) out of the ten subframes (each of 1 ms duration) specified in the 3GPP Release 8 LTE frame structure [42].
Table 1 Simulation parameters Parameter Value Cellular layout Hexagonal grid, Three sectors per cell, reuse 1 Carrier frequency 2 GHz System bandwidth 10 MHz Subframe duration 1 ms Number of RBs 50 Number of macrocells 1 Number of PBSs per macrocell P {1,2,3} Max.
It is important to note that among the 10 subframes included in a radio frame, the maximum number of MBSFN subframes is six, since subframes #0, #4, #5, and #9 are reserved for unicast transmission.
We consider the average throughput over N sf subframes, where N sf is the number of total subframes in one or several ABSs duty cycles.
The throughput increases as the number of subframes allowed to transmit data increases.
Start fromi = 1,i ∈ {1, … , I}, Iis the number of subframes in one frame.
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