Although hired by subcontractor companies, these men have no doubt who they ultimately work for on site.
By using subcontractors, companies can also speed up the time it takes to get their goods to market, especially new products.
Speculation inside the industry and the Iraqi government has focused on whether Triple Canopy might hire as a subcontractor a company called the Falcon Group, identified in a lawsuit brought by Ms. Burke as a Blackwater affiliate.
What is more likely it the growing use of social media and digital tools that are increasingly defining the "digital workforce" that will be defined by always-connected employees and subcontractors with company and on-the-go services on the mobile apps.
Most of the rest was produced by subcontractors and companies answerable to the army or to other departments of the Rwandan government.
Much of the job growth in the Inland Empire comes from warehouses operated by subcontractors for companies such as Wal-Mart, Macy's and Kohl's, on terms that may allow the big employers to dictate the workload but sidestep responsibility for working conditions.
Last year, the largest U.S. military base in Baghdad saw riots from more third-country nationals employed by another major subcontractor, Gulf Catering Company.
Arthur Daniels was at the navy yard for his job as a subcontractor with a company that relocates and installs furniture in federal government buildings.
The schemes at the center of the two investigations are simple: Rather than hire a minority- or women-owned subcontractor or a company the federal government has certified as a struggling business, the contractors ran the payroll for their own workers — or paid another subcontractor — through a minority company that served as a "pass through".
The three manufacturers hired by the state -- including Environmental System Products, commonly known as ESP, of East Grouby, Conn., a subcontractor of the company awarded New Jersey's inspection contract, Parsons Infrastructure and Technology Group -- could not address the problems fast enough.
