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In this figure, T f is the time duration of a frame which is a constant, and it comprises two sub slots: a sub slot for the cooperative spectrum sensing T css, and sub slot for data transmission T t.
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Additionally, each slot can be divided into sub slots to enable a multi-hop scenario for future extensions of the protocol (Fig. 5 g). 3.
Based on this analysis the maximum value of normalized throughput of hybrid Aloha is 1eτ, where the τ is pilot sub-slot size.
EPCCW utilizes the physical layer (PHY) properties to create sub-slots for the purpose of further increasing reliability by both avoiding and minimizing probability of collision at slots that would nominally fail.
In this paper, a general form of throughput model for hybrid Aloha system in term of the specified number of users with particular number of pilot sub-slots is proposed.
Using the existing equation of hybrid Aloha throughput, fundamental principles of counting from discrete mathematics and probability theory, a recursive equation for hybrid Aloha throughput is extracted, then a simple equation in term of number of users and pilot sub-slots is described.
The activated antenna of ST receives a signal in the first sub-slot and transmits the received signal in the second sub-slot.
Within each sub-slot, only 10 B of traffic can be transmitted.
If an SU transmitted when a PU is present, it is called an interfered sub-slot.
The first sub-slot is used to represent whether the channel has been sensed or not and the second sub-slot is used to communicate the busy or idle PU channel status, as in [27].
If one sensor from priority class c has data packet to transmit, it has to sense the channel for only one sub-slot, i.e., the sub-slot c−1.
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