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Table 5 shows the distribution of learning style orientations between all groupings.
These results suggest that in any given cohort of participants, the distribution of learning style orientations (LSOs) is diverse.
Those with individual learning style orientations (henceforth 'IAO') learn best when 'working alone in a learning situation' (2003 93).
What is the relationship between participants' learning style orientations, their general English ability pre- and post- semester, and their level of classroom participation?
As for RQ2, the data suggest that there is a generally positive relationship between general English proficiency (at least, as measured by the QPT), the level of classroom participation observed, and L2 learners with PO or GAO learning style orientations.
In the present study, we adopt a simplified three-category approach following Wintergerst et al. (2003)) and DeCapua and Wintergerst (2005), where a broad range of learning styles can be divided between 'project', 'group' or 'individual' learning style orientations.
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Table 2 Description of Learning Style Orientations (DeCapua and Wintergerst, 2005) Learning style orientation Questionnaire item 'Project Orientation' (PO) Q 2 I learn best in class when I can participate in related activities.
Learning style orientation.
'Group' learning style orientation.
'Project' learning style orientation.
'Individual' learning style orientation.
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