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As genetics developed, scientists learned how to study the microbiome by analyzing its DNA.
For years, efforts to study the microbiome were stymied by the number of species involved and the difficulty of culturing finicky strains in the lab.
Many researchers who study the microbiome now look upon cavities as an infectious disease, and they are testing a mouthwash that kills S. mutans; if it works, dental cavities could vanish.
In a future study, we plan to isolate and characterize the functions of Romboutsia spp. Although fecal samples, instead of the cecal samples, were used to study the microbiome in this study, a previous study showed similarities in the microbial communities, but quantitative differences between cecum and fecal samples (Stanley et al. 2015).
Why study the microbiome?
In a recent longitudinal study, the microbiome of two donor volunteers was tracked over the course of a year.
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But Mitchell Sogin, a molecular evolutionist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and Sandra McLellan, a microbiologist at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, wanted to take a much broader view and study the microbiomes of entire human communities.
Brito's findings add a twist to how scientists have traditionally studied the microbiome.
As he sees it, studying the microbiome will ultimately help us to better treat conditions that are still mysterious and often intractable.
"Your E. coli bloom is creepy," Ruth Ley, a Cornell University microbiologist who studies the microbiome's role in obesity, told me.
Translated into terms that are widely used in human or mouse studies, the microbiome largely determines the metabolomes of the host and consequently the health status.
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