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Very few epidemiologists actually study the causation of health.
Foremost, reconfiguring our concept of health will affect epidemiology, the framework and methodology we currently use to study the causation and distribution of disease and mortality.
34 Epidemiology and other health sciences would still continue to study the causes of diseases and impairments but they would also need to expand to study the causation and distribution of the cluster of basic capabilities and functionings.
In general, a lack of longitudinal follow-up of the same cases makes it difficult to validly and reliably study the causation in the association between any mental illness and cannabis use.
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In this latter case, though, Dr Jung thinks that the study got the causation the wrong way round.
The potential role of AGT gene in hypertension was originally explored by Jeunemaitre group through linkage and association study in the causation of human EHT in Utah and French populations [ 4].
For instance, macroecological approaches have been recently employed to study the infectious causation of certain cancers (Thomas et al. 2011, 2012a; Vittecoq et al. 2012) or to explore the evolutionary links between malignancies and birth weight (Thomas et al. 2012b).
This is consistent with other studies, whereby the causation of illness is attributed to natural elements, a spiritual cause, or breaking sexual taboos [ 4, 6, 33].
Cohort studies of the causation of endpoint phenotypes or even intermediary risk factors by epigenetic characteristics are likely to be just as difficult.
In the second further study, the possibilities of causation and of confounding by indication were given similar weights [ 48].
While adverse events were reported to some extent in nearly every study, the attribution of causation to the respective treatment was rare.
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