The regional committee on research ethics was consulted and the committee considered this study not liable for formal approval as only staff members participated and the study was part of the hospitals internal actions to initiate steps to ensure quality practice.
The three other studies were liable to selection bias and/or confounding.
Therefore, such studies are liable to miss within-species differences in spawning temperature in relation to altitude.
A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of those studies most liable to various types of bias.
Any projections to a national population of hip fractures from a single centre, single population study may be liable to regional discrepancies and may not be applicable to other hospital populations where incidence of, for example, other comorbidities may be significantly different.
These epidemiological studies, however, are liable to a number of inherent weaknesses in study design, the main limitation being the inability to control for confounding factors which importantly included weight, duration of diabetes and smoking in some instances.
We conducted a prevalence study among draft-liable men born in Denmark in 1978 1983 and presenting for the mandatory army evaluation in a northern Danish conscription district.
Nevertheless, particularly in relation to non-genetic hypotheses, retrospective case control studies may be liable to potential biases, such as selection bias, recall bias, and reverse causality.
Monitoring studies may be liable to sampling biases [ 53], therefore explicit instructions were drafted in order to avoid any bias in sampling or reporting the abundance of butterflies [ 52].
This implies that participants of such studies will be liable to both physical damage (such as pains, incapacities and even deaths) and economic consequences (direct and indirect cost of treatments and rehabilitation) all by themselves in case they suffer from an adverse event.
