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The study design and the patients' baseline characteristics, including diabetes treatment at study initiation, are confounding factors limiting clinical conclusions on exenatide's glycemic effect in this patient population.
When exposures after study initiation are not correlated with exposures before study initiation, the potential biases we describe are less likely.
The power analyses prepared prior to study initiation are reported in Tables 1 and 2 for the neonatal and the two-year subprojects respectively.
However, these results cannot be generalized across medical conditions [ 24, 27] since most of the variables that are regularly documented at study initiation are related to symptoms and disease characteristics rather than to individual personality traits or states [ 28].
Given that for many environmental toxicants, exposures measured after study initiation are strongly correlated with exposures before study initiation, environmental studies may be highly susceptible to these biases, which would typically result in underestimation of the total adverse effects of the contaminants on the health outcome under study in the whole population from which one samples.
Similar(55)
Our initial assumption and generation of hypotheses prior to study initiation was that this continuity would result in relatively similar samples being generated within the two arms of the study.
Women with a cancer diagnosis within three years of study initiation were invited to participate.
Laboratory data available within the first 1 year of study initiation were collected.
Multiple bottlenecks causing the delay in this international study initiation were identified.
Participants from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study with arterial blood pressure <140/90 at study initiation were selected for study (n = 510).
The group of 687 African-Americans recruited 3 years after study initiation was treated as a late entry cohort and immortal person-time before recruitment was removed.
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