The same study calculated the cost of such an accident at roughly three hundred billion dollars.
A recent study calculated the pollution from the fires may have led to 100,000 early deaths.
A University of Illinois study calculated that corruption in politics costs the state $300m£188m8m) a year.
An Australian study calculated that for every woman whose experience of violence could be prevented, A$20,766£13,63131) in costs could be avoided (pdf).
A London School of Economics study calculated the public cost of carers leaving work at £1.3bn a year, due in part to lost tax revenues.
Today's study calculated safety records as part of an effort to determine the relative roles of vehicles' weight, stiffness and height in causing damage to other vehicles.
The study calculated that a 10percentt increase in cigarette prices would lead 42 million people to quit smoking and prevent about 10 million tobacco-related deaths.
The study calculated that the number of legal permanent residents entering the United States declined to 455,000 last year from 647,000 at the peak in 2000.
Most cashers pocket between 2 and 4percentt of each check's value, which a recent Brookings Institution study calculated could add up to $40,000 in fees over a customer's working life.
In order to keep all the lawns in the country well irrigated, the author of the study calculated, it would take an astonishing two hundred gallons of water per person, per day.
The study calculated the companies' "burn rate" based on their latest reported balance-sheet cash, gross profits and cash expenses, and factored in 130 percent annual growth, described as typical for Internet commerce.
