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Also, all escitalopram studies enrolled non-treatment resistant patients who were drug-free, while most patients in rTMS studies were refractory and using antidepressant drugs – in fact, in 6 studies an antidepressant drug was initiated in both active and sham groups at the beginning of the trial.
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The intrinsic property of pyramidal neurons in our studies was refractory periods after each of spikes.
In most cases the eligibility for these studies is refractory or relapsed disease without specific evidence for the presence of a particular target or activity of a given pathway.
This hypothesis, however, is unlikely since all patients included in this study were refractory to previous chemotherapeutic treatment, and drugs, such as fluoropirimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan, act against thymidylate synthase and topoisomerase I and not against the EGFR signalling pathway.
Men and women aged years 18 or over, who had provided their written informed consent to participate in the study, were refractory to previous benzodiazepine therapy, and had not been previously treated with pregabalin were included regardless of their previous treatment.
Parenthetically, the melanoma cell line KM that was used in our study was refractory to BCG supernatant, and moreover, culturing them directly with active doses of recombinant IFN- γ had no effect on HLA1 expression (data not shown).
In previous studies many HTgenes were refractory to phylogenetic analysis due to difficulties rooting the trees or insignificant support for critical branches (e.g. [ 11] in pox, and [ 41]).
This study revealed that CRR cells were refractory to the induction of autophagy after irradiation and that facilitation of autophagy by rapamycin (RPM) abrogated the CRR phenotype.
The development of genome editing with targetable nucleases (Carroll 2014) has the potential to fully realize the power of genetic approaches in any organism, including nonmodel species that previously were refractory to study.
The vast majority of patients in these studies were hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients, who had advanced disease.
However, in agreement with several studies which demonstrated that p53 mutants were refractory to reactivation to the wt p53 phenotype (Kern et al, 1992; Sigal and Rotter, 2000), transfection of wt p53 in the mt p53 cell line WiDr had no effect on sensitivity to TS inhibitors and TS activity, suggesting that the function of p53 could not be restored after transfection of wt p53 in mt p53 cells.
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