Cross-sectional studies, editorials, commentaries, letters without original data and case reports were not included.
Review studies, editorials, and abstracts of congresses were excluded.
All studies were original research and peer-reviewed; meta-analyses, case studies, editorials, opinion papers, and review articles were excluded.
We manually reviewed the reference lists of retrieved studies, editorials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to identify additional relevant trials.
Articles were classified as major (e.g., clinical trials, cohort studies, editorials and reviews) or other (e.g., case reports, letters, news, and others).
Surveys which only report the products that pharmacists most frequently recommended; qualitative studies; editorials, letters, and comments about pharmacy practice and DS were also excluded.
Excluded publications were case studies, editorials, letters to the editor, narrative reviews, or publications from non-peer-reviewed journals; multidrug, multicountry, or multidisease studies with no drug-, corntry-, or disease-level analysis; or studies of participants on dialysis.
On the other hand, non-vitamin/mineral supplements, such as glucosamine, echinacea, garlic, ginseng, and ginkgo are also frequently used by the public, often concurrently with prescription medications [ 12, 20], yet the primary 11 journals included in the survey published few research studies, editorials or reviews on these DS.
Ms. Hingley, who was born in Birmingham, studied editorial photography at the University of Brighton.
Related sites The Berwick et al. study The Ekström Smedby et al. study Editorial from JNCI Information about melanoma.
